What information should be included in an intake and output (I&O) record?

• A. Times and amounts, all intake fluids and all outputs (urine and stool as applicable), totals at shift end
• B. Times and amounts only
• C. Only urine output
• D. Only stool output

Answer: (A)

Intake and output records track fluid balance by documenting, with time and amount, every fluid the person takes in and every fluid they eliminate. This completeness matters because it gives a true picture of hydration status and helps catch changes early.

Include all intake fluids the person receives (oral, IV, tube feeds) and all outputs (urine and stool, and vomiting if it occurs). Recording times shows when changes happen and supports trend analysis over the shift. Totals at the end of the shift summarize how much fluid has entered and left the body, allowing you to determine the net balance and to flag potential issues like dehydration, fluid overload, or inadequate kidney function. Accuracy and consistency are essential, and if a measurement isn’t exact, note the best available estimate and any limitations.