How do you recognize edema in a resident and what should you report?

• A. Do not measure; wait for the next shift.
• B. Observe swelling in dependent areas; press skin to assess for pitting; report changes and measure if directed.
• C. Look for redness in non-dependent areas; report only severe cases.
• D. Only report if the resident complains.

Answer: (B)

Recognizing edema means noticing swelling and knowing when to report it promptly. Look for swelling in dependent areas such as the ankles, feet, and lower legs, especially after periods of sitting or standing. Check for pitting edema by gently pressing the skin with a finger for a few seconds; if a pit remains after you remove the finger, that indicates pitting edema. Report any changes right away to the nurse, and, if directed by the care plan, take measurements so the team can monitor progression over time.

Understand that edema can signal fluid buildup from various conditions, such as heart, kidney, or liver problems, so timely reporting helps protect the resident’s safety and allows appropriate action. When documenting, note the location, severity (e.g., mild, moderate, severe or 1+ to 4+ pitting), any changes from prior assessments, and any accompanying symptoms like weight gain, shortness of breath, or tight footwear. Do not delay reporting even if the resident doesn’t complain, and follow the specific orders in the care plan for measurements or interventions.